Njengomthombo wamandla osetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezimboni, umoya ocindezelwe ubiza u-10% ~ 35% wamandla asetshenziswayo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. U-96% wamandla asetshenziswa ohlelweni lomoya ocindezelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-compressor yezimboni, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke kwe-compressor yezimboni eShayina kubiza ngaphezu kuka-6% wamandla asetshenziswayo kazwelonke. Izindleko zokusebenza kwe-air compressor ngezindleko zokuthenga, izindleko zokulungisa kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwamandla, ngombono wokuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele, izindleko zokuthenga zibiza cishe u-10% kuphela, kanti izindleko zamandla ziphezulu njengo-77%. Kubonisa ukuthi iShayina idinga ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kohlelo lomoya ocindezelwe ngenkathi yenza ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezimboni kanye nomnotho.
Njengoba kujula ukuqonda izidingo zokonga umoya ocindezelwe kanye nokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kwamabhizinisi, kuyaphuthuma ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele ohlelweni olukhona lokuguqulwa kokonga amandla kube ukufeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokonga amandla. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ucwaningo ngamabhizinisi ezimboni aseShayina lukhombisile ukuthi isidingo sokuvuselelwa kokonga amandla sivela kakhulu kulezi zici ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-air compressor kubalwe ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ebhizinisi; ukungazinzi kokunikezwa kohlelo lomoya olucindezelwe, ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi kanye neminye imiphumela emsebenzini ojwayelekile wemishini; ngokwandiswa kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza, ibhizinisi lohlelo lomoya olucindezelwe lokuqala lenza ngcono ukuguqulwa ukuze livumelane nokukhula kwesidingo. Ngenxa yezici zohlelo lomoya olucindezelwe lwebhizinisi kanye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokonga amandla buhlukile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempumelelo lokuguqulwa, ukuguqulwa kokonga amandla akunakusetshenziswa ngokungaboni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele zokonga amandla ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuphelele, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa kohlelo lonke. Abalobi bahlaziye futhi bahlola izici kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhona nobuvelayo bokonga amandla ngokuphenya ukusetshenziswa komoya ocindezelwe enanini elikhulu lamabhizinisi ezimboni.
Isu Lokonga Amandla Esistimu
Ngokusekelwe embonweni wokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic kanye nokuhlaziywa kokulahlekelwa kwamandla, kusukela ezicini ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kohlelo, izinyathelo zokonga amandla zithathwa kanje:
Ukukhiqizwa komoya ocindezelwe. Ukucushwa okunengqondo nokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-compressor, ukwenza ngcono imodi yokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwemishini yokuhlanza umoya. Ukuthuthwa komoya ocindezelwe. Ukwenza ngcono ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi okuhambisa umoya aphezulu naphansi; ukubhekwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokusatshalaliswa kokusetshenziswa komoya, ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokunciphisa ukuvuza, ukuthuthukiswa kokulahlekelwa yingcindezi emajoyintini. Ukusetshenziswa komoya ocindezelwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesekethe yokushayela isilinda, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokonga amandla eyenzelwe lo mkhakha, njengama-valve akhethekile okonga umoya wama-cylinder okudubula embonini ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic, kanye nezibhamu zomoya nama-nozzle okonga amandla. Ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahlwa yi-compressor. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucindezela komoya kutholwa ngokusebenzisa ukushintshana kokushisa, njll., futhi kusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza okusizayo kanye nokushisa kwenqubo, njll.
Ukukhiqizwa komoya ocindezelwe
1 Ukonga amandla kwe-compressor yomoya eyodwa
Njengamanje, ama-air compressor asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngokuthi ahlanganisa ukuphindaphinda, i-centrifugal kanye nezikulufo. Uhlobo lokuphindaphinda lusasetshenziswa ngobuningi kwamanye amabhizinisi amadala; uhlobo lwe-centrifugal lusetshenziswa kakhulu emabhizinisini ezindwangu anokusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kodwa luvame ukukhuphuka lapho ingcindezi yesistimu ishintsha ngokuzumayo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokonga amandla ezisetshenziswayo yilezi: ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka komoya ongenisiwe, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi ezindwangu ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlunga okuqinile, ukuze kuhlungwe inani elikhulu lemicu emifushane emoyeni. Yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokungena kwe-air compressor ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle. Ukucindezela uwoyela kawoyela wokugcoba ekudlidlizeni kwe-centrifuge rotor kunomthelela omkhulu, ukukhetha uwoyela wokugcoba oqukethe ama-antifoaming agents kanye neziqinisi ze-oxidation. Naka ikhwalithi yamanzi okupholisa, ukukhishwa kwamanzi okupholisa okufanelekile, ukuphinda kugcwaliswe amanzi okuhleliwe. Izindawo zokukhipha i-condensate ze-air compressor, i-dryer, ithangi lokugcina kanye nenethiwekhi yamapayipi kufanele zikhishwe njalo. Ukuze uvimbele ukuvunguza okubangelwa izinguquko ezisheshayo ekudingweni komoya, njll., naka ukulungisa ibhendi elinganiselayo kanye nesikhathi esihlanganisiwe esibekwe yiyunithi, bese uzama ukugwema ukwehla okungazelelwe kokusetshenziswa komoya. Khetha ama-centrifuge anezigaba ezintathu anomphumela omangalisayo wokonga amandla, bese uzama ukusebenzisa ama-motor anomfutho ophezulu ukunciphisa ukulahleka komugqa nokugcina ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwesiteshi somfutho womoya kuphansi.
I-screw air compressor isetshenziswa kabanzi, ukugxila okulandelayo ekuqhathanisweni kwemodi yokulawula i-screw air compressor: ukuhlaziya ukulayisha/ukukhipha i-air compressor yamanje kanye nezinkinga zokulawula ingcindezi njalo, kungaphethwa ngokuthi: thembela ezindleleni zomshini zokulawula i-inlet valve, ukunikezwa komoya akukwazi ukulungiswa ngokushesha nangokuqhubekayo. Lapho inani legesi lishintsha njalo, ingcindezi yokunikezwa iyashintshashintsha kakhulu ngokungenakugwenywa. Ukulawulwa kwemvamisa okumsulwa kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuguquguquka kokusetshenziswa komoya efektri ngokungeza i-frequency converter ukulungisa ukukhiqizwa komoya kwe-air compressor. Ububi ukuthi uhlelo lufanelekile esimweni sokuthi ukuguquguquka kokusetshenziswa komoya efektri akukukhulu (ukuguquguquka kungu-40% ~ 70% wevolumu yokukhiqiza umoya womshini owodwa futhi umphumela wokonga amandla ubaluleke kakhulu).
Uhlelo lokulawula lochwepheshe beqembu le-Air compressor eli-2
Uhlelo lokulawula ochwepheshe beqembu le-air compressor selube ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulawula iqembu le-air compressor nokonga amandla. Uhlelo lokulawula ngokwezinguquko zesidingo sokucindezela, ukulawulwa kwe-Admiral kwama-air compressor ahlukene kuyaqala futhi kuyayeka, kuyalayisha futhi kuyathulula, njll., ukuze kugcinwe uhlelo bekulokhu kuyinani elifanele kanye nomthamo we-compressor osebenzayo.
Uhlelo lokulawula lwasekhaya ngokulawula i-frequency converter ukushintsha ijubane le-air compressor eyodwa ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwegesi oluphansi lwefektri ukulawula isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-air compressor, ukufanisa uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwegesi oluphansi lwefektri nokushintshashintsha okuncane enanini legesi. Ngokuvamile khetha ukuthi yiluphi ushintsho lokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-air compressor, kudingeka ube uhlelo lochwepheshe ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokubala ukuze unqume. Ngokuhlaziywa nokuqhathanisa okungenhla, kungatholakala: iningi lesistimu yethu yomoya ocindezelwe linendawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa. Ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-compressor kungafeza umphumela wokonga amandla kuphela ngokuhlanganisa nokusebenza kohlelo lomoya olucindezelwe lwebhizinisi, oludinga ukuhlolwa ngokugcwele futhi luhlolwe ochwepheshe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Uhlelo lokulawula ochwepheshe beqembu le-air compressor lufanelekela kakhulu ama-air compressor amaningi asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukusetshenziswa kokucushwa kwenhlanganisela yesinyathelo, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zamabhizinisi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokomisa umoya okucindezelwe oku-3
Njengamanje, imishini yokomisa nokucubungula umoya ocindezelwe esetshenziswa kakhulu emabhizinisini uhlobo oluqandisiwe, uhlobo olungenalo ukuvuselelwa kokushisa kanye nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe lokuvuselelwa kokushisa okuncane, ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza okuyinhloko kuboniswe kuthebula elingezansi.
Ukuguqulwa okonga amandla komugqa wokuzivikela ukuze kulandelwe izimiso ezilandelayo: Uma uhlelo lokuqala lomoya lunokwelashwa okuhlanzekile kakhulu, shintshela ekwelashweni okulinganayo okuphansi. Thuthukisa inqubo yokomisa, nciphisa ukulahleka kwengcindezi kwesixhumanisi sokwelashwa sokomisa (ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi emshinini wokomisa wezinhlelo ezithile kuze kufike ku-0.05 ~ 0.1MPa), nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuthuthwa komoya ocindezelwe
Uhlelo olulodwa lwamapayipi uhlelo lwamapayipi i-yajiang akufanele ludlule u-1.5% wengcindezi yokusebenza. Njengamanje, iziteshi eziningi zomfutho womoya azinawo amapayipi ayinhloko nawesibili, izindololwane eziningi ezingadingekile kanye nokugoba, ukushaya kwengcindezi okuvamile, kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwengcindezi. Amanye amapayipi e-pneumatic agqitshwe emseleni futhi awakwazi ukubhekwa ukuthi avuza yini. Ukuqinisekisa isidingo sengcindezi yesistimu kunoma yikuphi, abasebenzi bokuphatha ukusebenza bandisa ingcindezi yokusebenza yesistimu yonke ngo-0.1~0.2MPa, okuletha ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yokwenziwa. Ngokwanda ngakunye kwengcindezi yokukhipha umoya ye-compressor ye-air compressor, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-compressor yomoya kuzokwanda ngo-7%~10%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwengcindezi yesistimu kwandisa ukuvuza komoya. Izindlela zokuvuselela ezonga amandla: shintsha ipayipi lelungiselelo legatsha libe yilungiselelo le-loop, sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kokunikezwa komoya ocindezelekile ophezulu nophansi, bese ufaka iyunithi yokuchichima ngokunemba okuphezulu nophansi; shintsha ipayipi ngokumelana okukhulu kwendawo ngesikhathi sokuvuselela okonga amandla, nciphisa ukumelana kwepayipi, futhi uhlanze udonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi ngokuwasha nge-asidi, ukususa ukugqwala, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi udonga lwepayipi lubushelelezi.
2 Ukuvuza, ukutholwa kokuvuza kanye nokufakwa kwe-plug
Iningi lokuvuza kwefektri libi kakhulu, inani lokuvuza lifinyelela ku-20% ~ 35%, okwenzeka kakhulu kuma-valve, ama-joints, ama-triplets, ama-solenoid valves, ukuxhumana okunezintambo kanye nesembozo sangaphambili sesilinda semishini ngayinye esebenzisa igesi; eminye imishini isebenza ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu, ikhulula ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi ikhipha umoya njalo. Umonakalo obangelwa ukuvuza cishe ungaphezu komcabango wabantu abaningi. Njengesiteshi sokushisela semoto se-slag yokushisela epayipini legesi okubangelwa umgodi omncane ongu-1mm ububanzi, ukulahlekelwa ugesi minyaka yonke okufika ku-355kWh, cishe okulingana nogesi wasekhaya womndeni wamalungu amathathu wonyaka. Izinyathelo zokonga amandla: Faka uhlelo lokulawula ukugeleza kwepayipi lokuphakelwa kwegesi le-main generating workshop ukuze kunqunywe umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwenqubo. Lungisa ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yenqubo, unciphise inani lama-valve nama-joints, futhi unciphise amaphuzu okuvuza. Qinisa ukuphathwa futhi usebenzise amathuluzi ochwepheshe ukuze uhlolwe njalo. Ngamafuphi, amabhizinisi angasebenzisa imishini yokuhlola yobungcweti efana nomtshina wokuvuza igesi ohlakaniphile ofinyelela ngokulinganayo, isibhamu sokuskena amaphuzu okuvuza, njll., ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela uhlelo lomoya olucindezelwe ukuthi lungasebenzi, lube sengozini, luconse futhi luvuze, ngakho-ke enze umsebenzi wokulungisa kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka esikhundleni izingxenye.
Ukusetshenziswa komoya ocindezelwe
Izibhamu zomoya zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izinqubo zokuqeda, imishini kanye nezinye izindawo zenqubo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo komoya kufinyelela ku-50% womoya ophelele kwezinye izindawo zezimboni. Enkambisweni yokusebenzisa, kunezimo ezifana nepayipi lomoya elide kakhulu, umfutho womoya ophezulu kakhulu, ukusebenzisa ipayipi lethusi eliqondile njengomlomo kanye nokwanda okungagunyaziwe komfutho wokusebenza ngabasebenzi abangaphambili, okubangela ukuchithwa okukhulu komoya.
Isenzakalo esingenangqondo sokusebenzisa igesi emishinini yomoya sibonakala kakhulu, njengokunquma ukuthi ngabe umsebenzi unamathele yini endaweni yokutholakala kwengcindezi yangemuva kwegesi, ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yejeneretha ye-vacuum, njll. Isenzakalo sokuhlinzekwa kwegesi okungaphazanyiswa yi-Zun uma singasebenzi. Lezi zinkinga zikhona ikakhulukazi emathangini amakhemikhali nakwezinye igesi ezisetshenziselwa ukuxuba, kanye nasekukhiqizeni amathayi, njengokwehla kwamandla kagesi okungavamile. Izindlela zokuguqula ukonga amandla: Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi amasha okonga amandla e-pneumatic nozzle kanye nezibhamu zomoya zohlobo lwe-pulse. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile yomoya ezimbonini ezithile, njengemboni ye-aluminium ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve ekhethekile yokonga umoya yesilinda yokudubula.
Ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okungafuneki kwe-air compressor
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila wonke, u-80% ~ 90% wamandla kagesi asetshenziswa ama-air compressor aguqulwa abe ukushisa bese ehlakazeka. Ukusatshalaliswa kokusetshenziswa kokushisa kukagesi kwe-air compressor kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ngaphandle kokushisa okukhishwe endaweni ezungezile futhi okugcinwe emoyeni ocindezelwe ngokwawo, u-94% wamandla asele angasetshenziswa ngendlela yokubuyisa ukushisa okulahliwe.
Ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahliwe kwenziwa nge-heat exchanger kanye nezinye izindlela ezifanele zokubuyiselwa kokushisa kwenqubo yokucindezela umoya ezisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza umoya noma amanzi, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile njengokushisa okusizayo, ukufudumeza kwenqubo kanye nokushisa amanzi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ibhoyila. Ngokuthuthuka okunengqondo, kungabuyiselwa futhi kusetshenziswe u-50% kuya ku-90% wamandla okushisa. Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi okubuyisa ukushisa kungalawula ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwe-air compressor ekushiseni okusebenzayo okufanele, ukuze isimo sokusebenza sikawoyela wokugcoba sibe ngcono, futhi ivolumu yokukhipha umoya ye-air compressor izokwanda ngo-2% ~ 6%. Kwi-air compressor epholile emoyeni, ungamisa ifeni yokupholisa ye-air compressor uqobo bese usebenzisa iphampu yamanzi ejikelezayo ukuze ubuyisele ukushisa; i-air compressor epholile ngamanzi ingasetshenziswa ukufudumeza amanzi abandayo noma ukufudumeza isikhala, futhi izinga lokutakula lingu-50% ~ 60%. Ukubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahliwe uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokushisa kagesi cishe akukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla; uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yegesi kaphethiloli akukho ukukhishwa, kuyindlela ehlanzekile neyobungani nemvelo yokonga amandla. Ngokusekelwe kumbono wokuhlaziywa kokulahlekelwa kwamandla kohlelo lomoya olucindezelwe, isenzo esikhona esingenangqondo sokusetshenziswa kwegesi kanye nezinyathelo zokonga amandla zebhizinisi ziyahlaziywa futhi zifingqiwe. Ekuguqulweni kokonga amandla kwebhizinisi, okokuqala kwezinhlelo ezahlukene ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe nokuhlola, okusekelwe kukho ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokwenza ngcono ukufeza imigomo yokonga amandla, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke lomoya olucindezelwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-02-2024